Treatments for Type 1 Diabetes

Treatments for Type 1 DiabetesType 1 Diabetes, which normally called as juvenile onset or Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) are usually erupt during childhood, teenage years, or early adulthood(7,8).In the Islet cell of pancreas, Beta makes insulin. It is an autoimmune disease meaning that immune system will destroys beta cell, because insulin cannot be produced. As a result the cells in our bodies will not be able to functioning the glucose and therefore have no energy for trend (21) . Moreover, the glucose is unable to be transferred from bloodstream to the cells and the glucose level will ontogenesis in the blood compared to normal. Main symptoms include blurred vision, passing urine more often than usual and unusual thirst(8).The problemDiabetes was the seventh leading cause of death listed on U.S. death certificates in 2006. This ranking is based on the 72,507 death certificates in 2006 in which diabetes was listed as the underlying cause of death (11). Moreover, IDDM cannot be prevented as it mostly inherited by the parent cell as the enquiry said if you have a family member with Type 1 Diabetes, your risk is well-nigh five to six percent, compared to the risk in general population which is 0.4%(2). thence what are possible treatments to replace the insulin to minimise the rise of glucose level in the blood?(248 words)A POSSIBLE SOLUTIONInsulin pump therapyInsulin pump is a slim mechanical device, a little larger than a pager that is worn outside the body, often on a belt or in a pocket (13). It will deliver insulin through cannula on the infusion site and the patients have to decide how much insulin will be given as it is not automatic.Nipro Diabetes Systems Amigo OmniPod Insulin Management SystemThe goal of insulin pump therapy is to imitate the insulin secretion pattern which can be seen in people without diabetes. Two patterns released by insulin are mean insulin is insulin that is delivered continuously in small amounts.Bolus insulin , which is extra pane of glassd insulin released for defyling the glucose level after(prenominal) taking meals (2).(388 words)Standard bolus indicates insulin is pumped completely and diffuses at the onset of bolus. interlace shape was pumped which expected to act the quick possible for that kind of insulin. Hence, they must take meals which contain high carb and low protein and fat in battle arrayliness to lowers the blood sugar levels quickly.Extended bolus represents the spreading of insulin over time by slow infusion. By pumping square jounce shape, the bolus is avoiding a high initial dose of insulin entering the blood causing low blood sugar level before digestion. Therefore, they should take more high fat high protein meals such as steak, which will be raising blood sugar for many hours past onset of the shape.Figure is a combination bolus of spike shape and square wave shape (12).Combo bolus.JPGThis will give larger dose of insulin at first and extent the tails of i nsulin action. As a result, those who have combination bolus are clutch for high fat meals such as pizza and chocolate cake.(608 words)This method can increase the spike bolus action and extend the action for several hours. Thus, A-one bolus people must take certain foods (like sugary breakfast cereals) which cause a large post-prandial peak of blood sugar. It attacks the blood sugar peak with the fastest delivery of insulin that can be practically achieved by pumping.In the year 2009, about 1119 pumpers are recorded in United State and this is the one of the resultant for mimicking the production of insulin in the body. The age group ranging from 0 to 20 shows the highest user of insulin pump hence it is proven that diabetes type 1 usually appear in childhood and teenage years.(767 words)Over the years, a number of different types and brands of insulin have been developed to meet different needs.SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL IMPLICATIONSKatherine G who was diagnosed with diabetes and ke ep postulation what had I done wrong? And wanted to smack every overweight person she saw. From Gretchen Becker The First Year Type 2 Diabetes copyright 2001(1).First and foremost, after being diagnosed as diabetic, some of them cannot accept the fact and take some time to mourn their loss. Some of them might fell depressed for exampleIn 2007, the world is estimated to spend at least USD 232 billion to treat and prevent diabetes and its complications. By 2025, this lower-bound estimate will exceed USD 302.5 billion. Source http//www.worlddiabetesday.org/files/docs/Economic_aspects.pdf(15)They overly worried about the next generation as Type 1 Diabetes is inherited and get stress thinking about the complication of diabetes which cause them to use wheelchair because has no feet and also being wheeled in order to use the dialysis machine(1,5). They may lose their self esteem to face the world. Some might be under force as they have to be strict on their food intake and must follow the diet for diabetic. Moreover, they need to take a lot of care for and also insertion.From this statement, I can concluded that diabetes is a highly cost disease. First and foremost, the insulin pump therapy itself is a very expensive and a lot of cash spends for buying the insulin needed for pumping. Secondly, diabetes has long term complications which are dangerous for instance retinopathy, neuropathy and also kidney disappointment. They must use a lot of money in order to prevent these complications from spreading at their body. As we all know, not all diabetic people are wealth and they barely depend on only one income source, hence can we imagine how they would survive with this disease especially those from the poorest countries and family. (15)(1307 words)BENEFIT AND RISKAdvantagesBEST hbA1cs before the pumpThe level of hbA1C decreases with an average of 6.3 after using the insulin pump compared to 7.2 before using the pump. The pumper users also show decreasing patter n from 725 to 713. So, the percentage of getting long-term complication for instance stroke, tinder disease, blindness, kidney failure and also amputation can be lowered.(1383 words)Pumpers have been shown to experience lesser episodes of severe hypoglycaemia compared to people who take injections. Clinical studies shown that using fast acting insulin, the glucose control can be improved with less risk of hypoglycaemia (3,22). Moreover, the pumper can keep up-to-date with their daily schedule. They are flexible to move and free to do what they want for example they can keep on the pump during exercising in the evening. Insulin pumpers must change the infusion site about tierce measure a week, and using about only 156 insertion a year but the injection can achieved mean more than 1,400 injection per year. (3,22)(1527 words)DisadvantagesAn episode of diabetic ketoacidosis state of inadequate insulin levels resulting in high blood pressure and accumulation of organic acids and keto nes in the blood may take place if the pumpers do not receive sufficient amount of fast acting insulin for many hours. There is high risk of infection if the catheter site of cannula has not been changed every three days and also skin reactions such as rashes may appear at the site of cannula. This therapy is very expensive as pumps are high prices. By using insulin therapy, the society might know that you have diabetes since this is one of the popular shipway to cure it (19) . Some of diabetic might develop blurring vision currently after starting insulin due to a change of lens refraction and it will correct itself within two to three weeks (3) .The picture 2 shows the process of forming of diabetic ketoacidosis. Source http//www.deo.ucsf.edu/type2/diabetes-treatment/complications/diabetic-ketoacidosis.html(1669 words)ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONSExercisingPeople, who exercise regularly, when compared to those who do not exercise, decrease their chance of developing diabetes by 30 to 50 %. Exercise foster by improving the bodys to use insulin and causes cholesterol level and blood pressure to drop (4). Aerobic exercise burns calories to help in managing the weight, strengthen the heart and lungs and gives endurance. In separate word, it improves the bodys ability to use insulin and prevent diabetes. We must do warm up and cool down before and after exercising. Take at least 20 minutes and three times a week to exercise. Furthermore exercise can increase the uptake of glucose by muscles indeed increase in carbohydrate intake. We must take enough carbohydrate before exercising but overdose of carbohydrate will results in hyperglycaemia. As diabetes, insulin must be sufficient before and after exercise because strenuous exercise and insufficient insulin will worsen diabetic control (5).Supplement vitamin and herbsVitamin E helps unblock fresh clot in veins and reduce the oxygen requirement of tissue and cell. Moreover, it also helps to from new skin (in healing th e ulcer and burns) and increases the blood supply to tissue, thus reduces diabetes gangrene and amputations. Vitamin E reduces the need for insulin in 30% of diabetes (6).Biotin is B vitamin that functions in manufacture and use of carbohydrate, fat and amino acids. It enhances insulin sensitivity and increase the action at law of enzyme glucokinase, enzyme responsible for the first step in the use of glucose in liver as this enzyme is low in diabetic. It also helps in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy (7).(1937 words)EVALUATIONS finished the years, we have introduced valuable solutions for patients and healthcare professionals-including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), CareLink Therapy Management Software and the MiniMed Paradigm REAL-Time System, the worlds first integrated insulin pump and CGM System. Source http//www.minimed.com/about/index.html (22)From the moderate of Diabetes Demystified written by Masharani, M.D copyright 2008(2) provide us a brief about diabetes. It helps us to know well about diabetes and why they have this disease. Moreover, ways of taking care for diabetic people also included and it provides me with the chart and also graphs for better understanding. The entropyrmation are also available in the other books (1,4,5,6,7,8).Hence the facts are reliable. However, the publishing date was 2008 and the information might not be updated.I believe this website has given me reliable and factual data. This is because it is owned by Medtronic Minimed, Incoporation and has been updated the info this year, 2010. Furthermore, they had led the technology about insulin pump therapy for 25 years and pioneered it since 1983. It helps pumpers to understand better about good control, insulin pump therapy and why pump therapy rather than the other.(2168 words)